惊艳世人一千多年一首诗，仅仅10个字，道出人生的最高境界！
时间：2021-01-23 02:25:06
栏目：古今
就像王籍，即使蝉声高唱，鸟鸣声声，他却感觉“蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽”；就像陶渊明，即使身处闹市，车马喧嚣，他却高歌“问君何能尔，心远地自偏”；还有王维，走到溪水终点，仿佛无路可走，他却顺势坐下，看天上的云卷云舒，吟咏着“行到水穷处，坐看云起时”。
王维我们都知道是唐朝有名的山水田园诗人，后世称之为“诗佛”。他年少成名，30岁便进士及第，这在“五十少进士”的唐朝已是极犯难得。早年的他固然也有过“致君尧舜上，再使习惯淳”的政治理想，一场安史之乱，让他终于看淡宦海名利。其时的他因为太甚出名，而被安禄山盯上，当了“伪臣”。即使他从未帮安禄山出谋献策，甚至给本身下药隐匿朝堂，但在兵变竣事后照样被扣上了“反臣”的帽子。亏得他的弟弟王缙死力求情，再加上一首《凝碧诗》“万户悲伤生野烟,百官何日更朝天”，让他逃过一劫。其时的他被降为“太子中允”（五品），最后官终“尚书右丞”（四品）。现在我们看来他应该混得不错，还升官了，但其实自从被赦宥后，他就看淡仕途，过起了半官半隐，坦然自若的日子。诗歌开首这两句，便点清楚他这个时期的所追求的幻想和生活。他在中年的时候便厌恶世俗，深信释教，然而一向到了晚年才归隐终南山。王维的母亲是虔敬的释教徒，而他的名字“维摩诘”，本就是释教有名居士，从小他就跟着母亲吃斋念佛。固然他在30岁便高中状元，然则却一向被奸臣倾轧，他很早便有归隐田园的念头，只是心中照样放不下功名，直到安史之乱后，才下定决心归隐。而“终南山”历来就是隐者的幻想之地，姜子牙、张良、药天孙思邈、王重阳等人都曾隐居于此。每当兴致上来时，他就在山中信步漫游，那种如意安闲的心境，不足为外人道也。短短10字，一个坦然自若，枕石漱流的潇洒山人形象便跃然纸上。在山中的他抛却了宦海的离心离德，世俗的纷纷扰扰，独与天然为伴，心中自是酣畅无比。这里的“独”，并非真的指伶仃，因为凭据他的诗作来看，石友张諲、裴迪等人照样经常和他交游。而这里的“空”也不是无奈落寞之意，诗人之所以用这两个词，是为了强调山中情况的空灵，生活的清幽，以及贰心境的淡然。
这两句是千古撒布的名言，惊艳了世人1000多年，也道出了人生的最高境界是心静。他在山中信步，不知不觉走到了溪水的终点，面前仿佛已经没有路了。他索性袖袍一撩，便在溪边的一块石头上坐下，昂首望着天空中漂浮不定的云。陆游游山西村时是“山穷水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”，有一种茅塞顿开的境界，而此时的王维，更是进入了一种物我一体的境界。流水白云本就是安闲的象征，而诗人此时的落拓淡然更是将这种“静”的气氛衬着到了极尽描摹，令人心神往之。最后他还在山间碰到了林叟，两人无拘无束地说笑着，乃至忘了时间。诗歌到此竣事，然则诗人那种超然物外、潇洒天然、物我两忘的空灵之境却令人回味无限。行走在人生旅途中，鲜花和荆棘，坦途和坎坷，艳阳和风雨，老是互相交错。无论满意照样失意，无论成功照样失败，无论顺境照样困境，我们都需要“心静”。
克莱因瓶是一个弗成定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可 克莱因瓶 克莱因瓶 定向的二维紧流形。若是视察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人疑心－－ “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 [67] 在太 CHAPTER X. TOBACCO OFFERINGS. 1808. It was a beautiful moonlight evening in August. A shadowy haze lingered over the river, which glistened and sparkled in the moonlight. The Chief and several members of his family were seated on the beach in front of the Wigwam listening to the Honorable Joseph Papineau, who, with his son, Louis Joseph, had come up in a canoe to see the falls. The former had recently purchased from Bishop Laval the unsettled seigniory of Petit Nation, and had erected an unpretentious cottage, which he occupied during the summer months. HON. LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU AND MADAME PAPINEAU. From Morgan's "Types of Canadian Women" (copyright, 1903), by permission. HON. LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU AND MADAME PAPINEAU. From Morgan's "Types of Canadian Women" (copyright, 1903), by permission. "It was a lovely vision," said Mr. Papineau, who had just performed the feat of canoeing to the foot of the Chaudiere Falls for the first time. "On our return we climbed the rugged cliff on the south side, and never shall I forget the panorama that spread out before us. The sun, sinking slowly behind the Laurentian hills, had clothed himself with a robe of splendor. The long reflections lay soft on the waters of the river below. The clouds of ascending mist from the Chaudiere took a thousand shades of color as the western sky faded slowly from crimson into gold and from gold to green and gray, and finally displayed dark shapes, out of which imagination might well have formed a thousand monsters.* * Louis Joseph, afterwards known as the Demosthenes of Canada, and who almost succeeded in making Canada a Republic, with himself as President, was evidently much impressed with the scene, which he described as follows: "Le soleil etait pret decendre sous l'horison, la mureille tout limpide etait d'une transparence vivre, tout penetree de lumiere vaguement prismatiseé." "As we watched the gathering shadows my thoughts went back two hundred years, to the time when Champlain went on his first trip up the 'Riviere des Algoumequins,' as he called it. About two years before he took the trip he sent Nicholas de Vignan, a young Frenchman, up the river with some friendly Indians, and Nicholas had returned with the marvellous story that he had reached the North Sea. He said that the journey could be made in a few days. He also gave an account of having seen the wreck of an English ship. "Champlain was completely taken in, and lost no time in starting off to verify the discovery for which the world had been looking for some time. His fleet consisted of two canoes with two Indians and three Frenchmen, one of whom was Dg employment to over one hundred men. Fortunately for the pioneers of the Ottawa, they were not dependent upon the small revenue derived from the cultivation of the land, but had other resources which afforded them much greater remuneration. The British Navy, which hitherto had been dependent upon Russia for its cordage and lumber, had to look elsewhere for its supply of hemp and timber, owing to the ports of the Baltic having been closed to British ships. The price of hemp having risen from ￡25 to ￡118 per ton, they undertook the cultivation of it, and raised over three-fourths of the amount raised in Lower Canada at that time. The exportation of lumber and vegetable alkali, or potash, were also great sources of revenue. In the new clearances were tons of wood ashes from which the lye was extracted and boiled till it looked like molten iron, a barrel of which sold at that time for thirty dollars. Prosperity and success crowned every commercial enterprise upon which they ventured until fire swept every mill, factory and dwelling in the thriving little village out of existence, including thousands of dollars in cash in a small safe in the office, quantities of wheat, hemp, sawn lumber, laths and general merchandise. As there was no compensation in the way of insurance, the loss was much felt. Philemon Wright was not the man to be deterred from climbing the ladder of success, even though he had to mount it by the rungs of adverse circumstances. Though the loss sustained was great, almost overwhelming, he rose above it with a courage which yielded not to disappointment or failure. The cause of the fire long remained a mystery. That it was the work of an incendiary was beyond question. Various theories were advocated by the settlers, but suspicion rested upon Machecawa, who, it was alleged, had been seen by the bookkeeper at a late hour lingering about the mills, a suspicion which gained no credence with the Chief and his family.阳系的四周还包裹着一个宏大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不可胜数的冰块、雪团和碎石。个中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系，这就是彗 [76] 在超新星爆发的过程中所释放的能量，需要我们的太阳燃烧900亿年才能与之相当。[77] 超新星研究有着关乎人类自身命运的深层意义。若是一颗超新星爆发的位置非常接近地球，今朝国际天文学界遍及认为此距离在100光年以内，它就可以对地球的生物圈发生显着的影响，如许的超新星被称为近地超新星。有研究认为，在地球汗青上的奥陶纪大灭尽，就是一颗近地超新星引起的，此次灭尽导致其时地球近60%的海洋生物消散。[78]克莱因瓶是一个弗成定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可 克莱因瓶 克莱因瓶 定向的二维紧流形。若是视察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人疑心－－克莱因瓶的瓶颈和瓶身是订交的，换句话近代科学鼓起的前驱者、是捍卫科学真理并为此献身的殉道士。有另一种说法认为，近代以来关于罗马梵蒂冈的地心说和哥白尼的日心说的斗争是被严重强调的。布鲁诺1600年蒙受火刑的原因，并非因知行星环绕太阳作圆周活动。然而，人们是否能接管哥白尼提出的新的宇宙模式呢？全世界的人——尤其是权力极大的上帝教会是否相信太阳是宇宙中心这一说法呢？因为害怕教会的责罚，哥白尼活着时不敢公开他的发现。1543年，这一发现才公诸世界。即使在谁人时候，哥白尼的发现还络续受到教会高无上的真理，凡是违反圣经的学说，Eighteen months passed. The Chief was in Quebec with Hannah and Abbie awaiting the arrival of Rug, who had been sent by his father to the Mother Land to dispose of two cargoes of timber. It was an unusually cold evening in June. Snow had been falling all day. The neighboring hills were covered with large feathery crystals, which, however, soon melted as the sun appeared for a moment before sinking behind the gray walls of the Castle St. Louis. Just as the evening gun was fired, news had reached the union Hotel that a vessel had been sighted near the Island of Orleans. It was ascertained that it w against a sea voyage from the time they left Liverpool. "Nor is this all," he said; "I have something better still on board for the new settlement, namely, twenty-five English families, who are going to take up land in the township and pay for it in work." "And who nearly turned mutineers," added the captain, slapping him on the shoulder, "did they not, Wright?" "How was that?" asked the Chief. "When we boarded the vessel at Liverpool," replied Rug, "some were bright and cheerful, but most of them were in tears, which showed that they did not leave the Old Land without a struggle. We soon weighed anchor and were under sail with a fair wind, but it came round to the east and blew fresher, so that we were forced to come to anchor not far from the place we left. The ship, as you may see, was fitted up for the timber trade, and has only a small cabin or quarter-deck. On each side are ranged two tiers of berths for passengers providing their own bedding. Along the open space in the middle we placed two rows of large chests which were used sometimes as tables, sometimes as seats—all of which I shall show you presently. There was much noise and confusion before all found berths; crying children, swearing sailors, scolding women, who had not been able to secure the beds they wanted, produced a chorus of a very melancholy nature. The disagreeableness of it was heightened by the darkness of the night and the rolling and a new and better country. "As we neared the banks of Newfoundland a most extraordinary phenomenon was produced by the dashing of the salt water against the bow of the ship in the evening. The water seemed on fire and produced a very fine effect. The next day a mass of ice appeared about two hundred yards distant. It was almost half a mile in length, and was moving south-east. Soon after we found the channel between Cape Breton and Cape Ray, and got into the ice. The captain sent eight men to the bow with fenders. One piece knocked splinters off the bow and threw us all down. About five days later we reached the Island of Anticosti, but I was too ill to see it. We saw porpoises in shoals plunging about the ship, while the sailors tried to harpoon them beneath the bow. About two hundred and eighty miles below Quebec the pilot came on board. His number was painted in large characters on his sail as well as on his boat. He had a cask of fresh water and some maple sugar, which he sold at an extortionate price to the passengers. "Near Bic Island we saw whales spouting water at a great height, and a habitant came out in a boat with a large basket of eggs, which he disposed of at a shilling per dozen, and so we continued on until the domes and towers of Quebec came in sight and I began to realize the inexpressible joy of being at home once more."* * Diary of Rev. Robert Bell and letters of R. Wright. Rug was a young man of great executive ability, a young man whose word could be relied upon with absolute certainty, a young man who proved himself the very soul of honor in all his business transactions.都被斥为“异端邪说”，凡是否决神权统治的人，都被处以火刑。新兴的资产阶级为本身的生存和成长，掀起了一场否决封建轨制和教会迷信思惟的斗争，显现了人文主义的思潮。他们使用的斗争兵器，就是未被神学染污的古希腊的哲学、科学和文艺。这就是震撼欧洲的文艺答复活动。文艺答复首先发生于意大利，很快就扩大到波兰及欧洲其他国度。与此同时，贸易的活跃也促进了对外商业的成长。在“黄金”这个符咒的使令下，很多欧洲冒险者远航非洲、印度及整个远东区域。远洋航行需要雄厚的天文和地舆常识，从实际中储蓄起来的观测资料，使人们感应其时风行的“地静天动”的宇宙 CHAPTER IV. AN INDIAN SUITOR. 1803. Machecawa and his friend O'Jawescawa became frequent visitors at the Wigwam. They would come in the morning, uninvited, and sit silently all day long before the open fire and observe all that was going on. The spinning-wheel and hand-loom were objects of unceasing interest to them, and though it proved a great distraction to the children in their studies, and to the girls in the performance of their domestic duties, to have them there, they were always treated not only with respect but with consideration and kindness. One morning Machecawa stood gazing intently into the fire. His face wore an expression of perplexity. At length he turned to the White Chief, who was explaining a mathematical problem to one of his boys, and said: "Big Injun, he want to speak his thoughts from books. He want to know white man's Manitou." "May I teach him, father? Just for an hour every day?" said Chrissy, a tall, fair, thoughtful girl of seventyour neck, Machecawa?" said Bearie, the second son, a short, well knit, sturdy-looking youth of eighteen, whose every expression reflected a bright, happy, generous disposition. "She am my Manitou," replied the Indian. &q39;you no eat no teeng seex days.' By em by I am dream some teeng, me, dat some teeng she am my manitou. She help me kill beeg bear; she mak dem Iroquois dogs run like one wild moose. My fadder she am pleese; she make my manitou on my arm—see!" he said, rolling up his sleeve. On his shoulder was the rude outline of a fish, which had been tatooed with sharp bones and with the juice of berries rubbed in. "But what is in the little bag?" asked Bearie. "Will you let me see it?" After a good deal of reluctance he gave in at last, and two curious boys untied the precious parcel, while the others, equally curious, looked over his shoulders at a few old broken fish bones which were all the little bag contained. "Well, old man," said Bearie, slowly replacing the sacred relics, "we put our faith in something better than that. The white man trusts the Great Spirit in heaven to care for him and to take him to heaven when he dies." "Any bear in hebben?" asked the Indian. "No," said Bearie, "only good people." "Dat hebben she am no good for big Injun," said Machecawa, sadly. "De happy hunting ground she am full of moose, buffalo, bear, beaver. She am far, far away at de end of land, where de sun she sleep—two, tree moons away. One beeg dog she am cross, an' she bark at dead Injun, but he go on, an' on, an' on, an' den he am glad." It began to dawn upon the vigilant mother at length that it was not so much the wonders of civilization nor the desire to "speak his thoughts from books" that led Machecawa day after day to the Wigwam, as an ever-increasing interest in her fun-loving daughter, Abbie, who was a year younger than Chrissy, and who seemed unconscious of the fact that the eyes of the red chief were ever upon her.学说值得猜忌，这就要求人们进一步去索求宇宙的机要，从而推进了天文学和地舆学的成长。1492年，意大利有名的帆海家哥伦布发现新大陆，麦哲伦和他的伙伴绕地球一周，证实地球是圆形的，使人们起头真正熟悉地球。[4] 对他国的影响 在教会细密掌握下的中世纪，也发生过轰轰烈烈的..革命。因为上帝教的好多教义不相符圣经的教育，而到场了太多教皇的小我意志以及各类神学家的自身功效，所以好多信徒起头质疑上帝教的教义和组织，提议回来圣经的动作来。捷克的爱国主义者、布拉格大学校长扬·胡斯（1369～1415年）在君士坦丁堡的..会议上公开训斥德意志封建主与上帝教会对捷克的榨取和盘剥。他固然被反动教会处以火刑，但他的革命运动在社会上引起了强烈的回响。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗号下举办起义，此次活动也波及波兰。1517年，在德国，马丁·路德（1483～1546年）否决教会销售赎罪符，与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年，路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶，并提出竖立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义获得很多国度的支撑，波兰也深受影响。
克莱因瓶是一个弗成定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可 克莱因瓶 克莱因瓶 定向的二维紧流形。若是视察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人疑心－－ “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 [67] 在太 CHAPTER X. TOBACCO OFFERINGS. 1808. It was a beautiful moonlight evening in August. A shadowy haze lingered over the river, which glistened and sparkled in the moonlight. The Chief and several members of his family were seated on the beach in front of the Wigwam listening to the Honorable Joseph Papineau, who, with his son, Louis Joseph, had come up in a canoe to see the falls. The former had recently purchased from Bishop Laval the unsettled seigniory of Petit Nation, and had erected an unpretentious cottage, which he occupied during the summer months. HON. LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU AND MADAME PAPINEAU. From Morgan's "Types of Canadian Women" (copyright, 1903), by permission. HON. LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU AND MADAME PAPINEAU. From Morgan's "Types of Canadian Women" (copyright, 1903), by permission. "It was a lovely vision," said Mr. Papineau, who had just performed the feat of canoeing to the foot of the Chaudiere Falls for the first time. "On our return we climbed the rugged cliff on the south side, and never shall I forget the panorama that spread out before us. The sun, sinking slowly behind the Laurentian hills, had clothed himself with a robe of splendor. The long reflections lay soft on the waters of the river below. The clouds of ascending mist from the Chaudiere took a thousand shades of color as the western sky faded slowly from crimson into gold and from gold to green and gray, and finally displayed dark shapes, out of which imagination might well have formed a thousand monsters.* * Louis Joseph, afterwards known as the Demosthenes of Canada, and who almost succeeded in making Canada a Republic, with himself as President, was evidently much impressed with the scene, which he described as follows: "Le soleil etait pret decendre sous l'horison, la mureille tout limpide etait d'une transparence vivre, tout penetree de lumiere vaguement prismatiseé." "As we watched the gathering shadows my thoughts went back two hundred years, to the time when Champlain went on his first trip up the 'Riviere des Algoumequins,' as he called it. About two years before he took the trip he sent Nicholas de Vignan, a young Frenchman, up the river with some friendly Indians, and Nicholas had returned with the marvellous story that he had reached the North Sea. He said that the journey could be made in a few days. He also gave an account of having seen the wreck of an English ship. "Champlain was completely taken in, and lost no time in starting off to verify the discovery for which the world had been looking for some time. His fleet consisted of two canoes with two Indians and three Frenchmen, one of whom was Dg employment to over one hundred men. Fortunately for the pioneers of the Ottawa, they were not dependent upon the small revenue derived from the cultivation of the land, but had other resources which afforded them much greater remuneration. The British Navy, which hitherto had been dependent upon Russia for its cordage and lumber, had to look elsewhere for its supply of hemp and timber, owing to the ports of the Baltic having been closed to British ships. The price of hemp having risen from ￡25 to ￡118 per ton, they undertook the cultivation of it, and raised over three-fourths of the amount raised in Lower Canada at that time. The exportation of lumber and vegetable alkali, or potash, were also great sources of revenue. In the new clearances were tons of wood ashes from which the lye was extracted and boiled till it looked like molten iron, a barrel of which sold at that time for thirty dollars. Prosperity and success crowned every commercial enterprise upon which they ventured until fire swept every mill, factory and dwelling in the thriving little village out of existence, including thousands of dollars in cash in a small safe in the office, quantities of wheat, hemp, sawn lumber, laths and general merchandise. As there was no compensation in the way of insurance, the loss was much felt. Philemon Wright was not the man to be deterred from climbing the ladder of success, even though he had to mount it by the rungs of adverse circumstances. Though the loss sustained was great, almost overwhelming, he rose above it with a courage which yielded not to disappointment or failure. The cause of the fire long remained a mystery. That it was the work of an incendiary was beyond question. Various theories were advocated by the settlers, but suspicion rested upon Machecawa, who, it was alleged, had been seen by the bookkeeper at a late hour lingering about the mills, a suspicion which gained no credence with the Chief and his family.阳系的四周还包裹着一个宏大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不可胜数的冰块、雪团和碎石。个中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系，这就是彗 [76] 在超新星爆发的过程中所释放的能量，需要我们的太阳燃烧900亿年才能与之相当。[77] 超新星研究有着关乎人类自身命运的深层意义。若是一颗超新星爆发的位置非常接近地球，今朝国际天文学界遍及认为此距离在100光年以内，它就可以对地球的生物圈发生显着的影响，如许的超新星被称为近地超新星。有研究认为，在地球汗青上的奥陶纪大灭尽，就是一颗近地超新星引起的，此次灭尽导致其时地球近60%的海洋生物消散。[78]克莱因瓶是一个弗成定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可 克莱因瓶 克莱因瓶 定向的二维紧流形。若是视察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人疑心－－克莱因瓶的瓶颈和瓶身是订交的，换句话近代科学鼓起的前驱者、是捍卫科学真理并为此献身的殉道士。有另一种说法认为，近代以来关于罗马梵蒂冈的地心说和哥白尼的日心说的斗争是被严重强调的。布鲁诺1600年蒙受火刑的原因，并非因知行星环绕太阳作圆周活动。然而，人们是否能接管哥白尼提出的新的宇宙模式呢？全世界的人——尤其是权力极大的上帝教会是否相信太阳是宇宙中心这一说法呢？因为害怕教会的责罚，哥白尼活着时不敢公开他的发现。1543年，这一发现才公诸世界。即使在谁人时候，哥白尼的发现还络续受到教会高无上的真理，凡是违反圣经的学说，Eighteen months passed. The Chief was in Quebec with Hannah and Abbie awaiting the arrival of Rug, who had been sent by his father to the Mother Land to dispose of two cargoes of timber. It was an unusually cold evening in June. Snow had been falling all day. The neighboring hills were covered with large feathery crystals, which, however, soon melted as the sun appeared for a moment before sinking behind the gray walls of the Castle St. Louis. Just as the evening gun was fired, news had reached the union Hotel that a vessel had been sighted near the Island of Orleans. It was ascertained that it w against a sea voyage from the time they left Liverpool. "Nor is this all," he said; "I have something better still on board for the new settlement, namely, twenty-five English families, who are going to take up land in the township and pay for it in work." "And who nearly turned mutineers," added the captain, slapping him on the shoulder, "did they not, Wright?" "How was that?" asked the Chief. "When we boarded the vessel at Liverpool," replied Rug, "some were bright and cheerful, but most of them were in tears, which showed that they did not leave the Old Land without a struggle. We soon weighed anchor and were under sail with a fair wind, but it came round to the east and blew fresher, so that we were forced to come to anchor not far from the place we left. The ship, as you may see, was fitted up for the timber trade, and has only a small cabin or quarter-deck. On each side are ranged two tiers of berths for passengers providing their own bedding. Along the open space in the middle we placed two rows of large chests which were used sometimes as tables, sometimes as seats—all of which I shall show you presently. There was much noise and confusion before all found berths; crying children, swearing sailors, scolding women, who had not been able to secure the beds they wanted, produced a chorus of a very melancholy nature. The disagreeableness of it was heightened by the darkness of the night and the rolling and a new and better country. "As we neared the banks of Newfoundland a most extraordinary phenomenon was produced by the dashing of the salt water against the bow of the ship in the evening. The water seemed on fire and produced a very fine effect. The next day a mass of ice appeared about two hundred yards distant. It was almost half a mile in length, and was moving south-east. Soon after we found the channel between Cape Breton and Cape Ray, and got into the ice. The captain sent eight men to the bow with fenders. One piece knocked splinters off the bow and threw us all down. About five days later we reached the Island of Anticosti, but I was too ill to see it. We saw porpoises in shoals plunging about the ship, while the sailors tried to harpoon them beneath the bow. About two hundred and eighty miles below Quebec the pilot came on board. His number was painted in large characters on his sail as well as on his boat. He had a cask of fresh water and some maple sugar, which he sold at an extortionate price to the passengers. "Near Bic Island we saw whales spouting water at a great height, and a habitant came out in a boat with a large basket of eggs, which he disposed of at a shilling per dozen, and so we continued on until the domes and towers of Quebec came in sight and I began to realize the inexpressible joy of being at home once more."* * Diary of Rev. Robert Bell and letters of R. Wright. Rug was a young man of great executive ability, a young man whose word could be relied upon with absolute certainty, a young man who proved himself the very soul of honor in all his business transactions.都被斥为“异端邪说”，凡是否决神权统治的人，都被处以火刑。新兴的资产阶级为本身的生存和成长，掀起了一场否决封建轨制和教会迷信思惟的斗争，显现了人文主义的思潮。他们使用的斗争兵器，就是未被神学染污的古希腊的哲学、科学和文艺。这就是震撼欧洲的文艺答复活动。文艺答复首先发生于意大利，很快就扩大到波兰及欧洲其他国度。与此同时，贸易的活跃也促进了对外商业的成长。在“黄金”这个符咒的使令下，很多欧洲冒险者远航非洲、印度及整个远东区域。远洋航行需要雄厚的天文和地舆常识，从实际中储蓄起来的观测资料，使人们感应其时风行的“地静天动”的宇宙 CHAPTER IV. AN INDIAN SUITOR. 1803. Machecawa and his friend O'Jawescawa became frequent visitors at the Wigwam. They would come in the morning, uninvited, and sit silently all day long before the open fire and observe all that was going on. The spinning-wheel and hand-loom were objects of unceasing interest to them, and though it proved a great distraction to the children in their studies, and to the girls in the performance of their domestic duties, to have them there, they were always treated not only with respect but with consideration and kindness. One morning Machecawa stood gazing intently into the fire. His face wore an expression of perplexity. At length he turned to the White Chief, who was explaining a mathematical problem to one of his boys, and said: "Big Injun, he want to speak his thoughts from books. He want to know white man's Manitou." "May I teach him, father? Just for an hour every day?" said Chrissy, a tall, fair, thoughtful girl of seventyour neck, Machecawa?" said Bearie, the second son, a short, well knit, sturdy-looking youth of eighteen, whose every expression reflected a bright, happy, generous disposition. "She am my Manitou," replied the Indian. &q39;you no eat no teeng seex days.' By em by I am dream some teeng, me, dat some teeng she am my manitou. She help me kill beeg bear; she mak dem Iroquois dogs run like one wild moose. My fadder she am pleese; she make my manitou on my arm—see!" he said, rolling up his sleeve. On his shoulder was the rude outline of a fish, which had been tatooed with sharp bones and with the juice of berries rubbed in. "But what is in the little bag?" asked Bearie. "Will you let me see it?" After a good deal of reluctance he gave in at last, and two curious boys untied the precious parcel, while the others, equally curious, looked over his shoulders at a few old broken fish bones which were all the little bag contained. "Well, old man," said Bearie, slowly replacing the sacred relics, "we put our faith in something better than that. The white man trusts the Great Spirit in heaven to care for him and to take him to heaven when he dies." "Any bear in hebben?" asked the Indian. "No," said Bearie, "only good people." "Dat hebben she am no good for big Injun," said Machecawa, sadly. "De happy hunting ground she am full of moose, buffalo, bear, beaver. She am far, far away at de end of land, where de sun she sleep—two, tree moons away. One beeg dog she am cross, an' she bark at dead Injun, but he go on, an' on, an' on, an' den he am glad." It began to dawn upon the vigilant mother at length that it was not so much the wonders of civilization nor the desire to "speak his thoughts from books" that led Machecawa day after day to the Wigwam, as an ever-increasing interest in her fun-loving daughter, Abbie, who was a year younger than Chrissy, and who seemed unconscious of the fact that the eyes of the red chief were ever upon her.学说值得猜忌，这就要求人们进一步去索求宇宙的机要，从而推进了天文学和地舆学的成长。1492年，意大利有名的帆海家哥伦布发现新大陆，麦哲伦和他的伙伴绕地球一周，证实地球是圆形的，使人们起头真正熟悉地球。[4] 对他国的影响 在教会细密掌握下的中世纪，也发生过轰轰烈烈的..革命。因为上帝教的好多教义不相符圣经的教育，而到场了太多教皇的小我意志以及各类神学家的自身功效，所以好多信徒起头质疑上帝教的教义和组织，提议回来圣经的动作来。捷克的爱国主义者、布拉格大学校长扬·胡斯（1369～1415年）在君士坦丁堡的..会议上公开训斥德意志封建主与上帝教会对捷克的榨取和盘剥。他固然被反动教会处以火刑，但他的革命运动在社会上引起了强烈的回响。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗号下举办起义，此次活动也波及波兰。1517年，在德国，马丁·路德（1483～1546年）否决教会销售赎罪符，与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年，路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶，并提出竖立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义获得很多国度的支撑，波兰也深受影响。
愿你“行到水穷处”时，都能有“坐看云起时”的淡然心境！
— 复原 “晨安” ，开启一天的新生活 —
版权声明：文章源于凯紫的诗词之美（ID：kaizisc），版权归原作者所有，侵权必删。
投稿信箱：1871084747@qq.com
本期编纂：译史君
